目前JAVA實現(xiàn)HTTP請求的方法用的最多的有兩種:一種是通過HTTPClient這種第三方的開源框架去實現(xiàn)。HTTPClient對HTTP的封裝性比較不錯,通過它基本上能夠滿足我們大部分的需求,HttpClient3.1 是 org.apache.commons.httpclient下操作遠程 url的工具包,雖然已不再更新,但實現(xiàn)工作中使用httpClient3.1的代碼還是很多,HttpClient4.5是org.apache.http.client下操作遠程 url的工具包,最新的;另一種則是通過HttpURLConnection去實現(xiàn),HttpURLConnection是JAVA的標準類,是JAVA比較原生的一種實現(xiàn)方式。
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自己在工作中三種方式都用到過,總結一下分享給大家,也方便自己以后使用,話不多說上代碼。
第一種方式:java原生HttpURLConnection
package com.powerX.httpClient; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class HttpClient { public static String doGet(String httpurl) { HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null;// 返回結果字符串 try { // 創(chuàng)建遠程url連接對象 URL url = new URL(httpurl); // 通過遠程url連接對象打開一個連接,強轉成httpURLConnection類 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 設置連接方式:get connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 設置連接主機服務器的超時時間:15000毫秒 connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 設置讀取遠程返回的數(shù)據(jù)時間:60000毫秒 connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 發(fā)送請求 connection.connect(); // 通過connection連接,獲取輸入流 if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { is = connection.getInputStream(); // 封裝輸入流is,并指定字符集 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); // 存放數(shù)據(jù) StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(temp); sbf.append("\r\n"); } result = sbf.toString(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 關閉資源 if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } connection.disconnect();// 關閉遠程連接 } return result; } public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) { HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; OutputStream os = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null; try { URL url = new URL(httpUrl); // 通過遠程url連接對象打開連接 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 設置連接請求方式 connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 設置連接主機服務器超時時間:15000毫秒 connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 設置讀取主機服務器返回數(shù)據(jù)超時時間:60000毫秒 connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 默認值為:false,當向遠程服務器傳送數(shù)據(jù)/寫數(shù)據(jù)時,需要設置為true connection.setDoOutput(true); // 默認值為:true,當前向遠程服務讀取數(shù)據(jù)時,設置為true,該參數(shù)可有可無 connection.setDoInput(true); // 設置傳入?yún)?shù)的格式:請求參數(shù)應該是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。 connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // 設置鑒權信息:Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0 connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0"); // 通過連接對象獲取一個輸出流 os = connection.getOutputStream(); // 通過輸出流對象將參數(shù)寫出去/傳輸出去,它是通過字節(jié)數(shù)組寫出的 os.write(param.getBytes()); // 通過連接對象獲取一個輸入流,向遠程讀取 if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { is = connection.getInputStream(); // 對輸入流對象進行包裝:charset根據(jù)工作項目組的要求來設置 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; // 循環(huán)遍歷一行一行讀取數(shù)據(jù) while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(temp); sbf.append("\r\n"); } result = sbf.toString(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 關閉資源 if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != os) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 斷開與遠程地址url的連接 connection.disconnect(); } return result; } }
第二種方式:apache HttpClient3.1
package com.powerX.httpClient; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams; public class HttpClient3 { public static String doGet(String url) { // 輸入流 InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null; // 創(chuàng)建httpClient實例 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); // 設置http連接主機服務超時時間:15000毫秒 // 先獲取連接管理器對象,再獲取參數(shù)對象,再進行參數(shù)的賦值 httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000); // 創(chuàng)建一個Get方法實例對象 GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url); // 設置get請求超時為60000毫秒 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 設置請求重試機制,默認重試次數(shù):3次,參數(shù)設置為true,重試機制可用,false相反 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler(3, true)); try { // 執(zhí)行Get方法 int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); // 判斷返回碼 if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { // 如果狀態(tài)碼返回的不是ok,說明失敗了,打印錯誤信息 System.err.println("Method faild: " + getMethod.getStatusLine()); } else { // 通過getMethod實例,獲取遠程的一個輸入流 is = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream(); // 包裝輸入流 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); // 讀取封裝的輸入流 String temp = null; while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(temp).append("\r\n"); } result = sbf.toString(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 關閉資源 if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 釋放連接 getMethod.releaseConnection(); } return result; } public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap) { // 獲取輸入流 InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null; // 創(chuàng)建httpClient實例對象 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); // 設置httpClient連接主機服務器超時時間:15000毫秒 httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000); // 創(chuàng)建post請求方法實例對象 PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url); // 設置post請求超時時間 postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000); NameValuePair[] nvp = null; // 判斷參數(shù)map集合paramMap是否為空 if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {// 不為空 // 創(chuàng)建鍵值參數(shù)對象數(shù)組,大小為參數(shù)的個數(shù) nvp = new NameValuePair[paramMap.size()]; // 循環(huán)遍歷參數(shù)集合map Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet(); // 獲取迭代器 Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> iterator = entrySet.iterator(); int index = 0; while (iterator.hasNext()) { Entry<String, Object> mapEntry = iterator.next(); // 從mapEntry中獲取key和value創(chuàng)建鍵值對象存放到數(shù)組中 try { nvp[index] = new NameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(), new String(mapEntry.getValue().toString().getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8")); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } index++; } } // 判斷nvp數(shù)組是否為空 if (null != nvp && nvp.length > 0) { // 將參數(shù)存放到requestBody對象中 postMethod.setRequestBody(nvp); } // 執(zhí)行POST方法 try { int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); // 判斷是否成功 if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { System.err.println("Method faild: " + postMethod.getStatusLine()); } // 獲取遠程返回的數(shù)據(jù) is = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream(); // 封裝輸入流 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(temp).append("\r\n"); } result = sbf.toString(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 關閉資源 if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 釋放連接 postMethod.releaseConnection(); } return result; } }
第三種方式:apache httpClient4.5
package com.powerX.httpClient; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; public class HttpClient4 { public static String doGet(String url) { CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String result = ""; try { // 通過址默認配置創(chuàng)建一個httpClient實例 httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 創(chuàng)建httpGet遠程連接實例 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); // 設置請求頭信息,鑒權 httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0"); // 設置配置請求參數(shù) RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 連接主機服務超時時間 .setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 請求超時時間 .setSocketTimeout(60000)// 數(shù)據(jù)讀取超時時間 .build(); // 為httpGet實例設置配置 httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); // 執(zhí)行get請求得到返回對象 response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); // 通過返回對象獲取返回數(shù)據(jù) HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 通過EntityUtils中的toString方法將結果轉換為字符串 result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 關閉資源 if (null != response) { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != httpClient) { try { httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap) { CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null; String result = ""; // 創(chuàng)建httpClient實例 httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 創(chuàng)建httpPost遠程連接實例 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 配置請求參數(shù)實例 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 設置連接主機服務超時時間 .setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 設置連接請求超時時間 .setSocketTimeout(60000)// 設置讀取數(shù)據(jù)連接超時時間 .build(); // 為httpPost實例設置配置 httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); // 設置請求頭 httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // 封裝post請求參數(shù) if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) { List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); // 通過map集成entrySet方法獲取entity Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet(); // 循環(huán)遍歷,獲取迭代器 Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> iterator = entrySet.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Entry<String, Object> mapEntry = iterator.next(); nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(), mapEntry.getValue().toString())); } // 為httpPost設置封裝好的請求參數(shù) try { httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, "UTF-8")); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } try { // httpClient對象執(zhí)行post請求,并返回響應參數(shù)對象 httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost); // 從響應對象中獲取響應內容 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 關閉資源 if (null != httpResponse) { try { httpResponse.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != httpClient) { try { httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } }
有時候我們在使用post請求時,可能傳入的參數(shù)是json或者其他格式,此時我們則需要更改請求頭及參數(shù)的設置信息,以httpClient4.5為例,更改下面兩列配置:httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity("你的json串")); httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")。
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的java實現(xiàn)HTTP請求的三種方式詳解整合,希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站的支持!
文章名稱:詳解java實現(xiàn)HTTP請求的三種方式
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