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OracleStudy之-Oracle11gOCM考試（2)

Oracle Study之-Oracle 11g OCM考試（2)

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11g OCM考試 綱:Server Configuration

  1. 1  Create the database

  2. 2  Determine and set sizing parameters for database structures

  3. 3  Create and manage temporary, permanent, and undo tablespaces

  4. 4  Stripe data files across multiple physical devices and locations

    按照考試要求，配置表空間及控制文件、redo log的多元化

    一、配置表空間

    [oracle@rh74 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test1

  5. [oracle@rh74 ~]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 12 17:24:43 2016
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Connected to an idle instance.
    17:24:43 SYS@ test1>startup
    ORACLE instance started.
    Total System Global Area  313159680 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2227944 bytes
    Variable Size             218104088 bytes
    Database Buffers           88080384 bytes
    Redo Buffers                4747264 bytes
    Database mounted.
    Database opened.

    1）配置Undo表空間

    17:25:12 SYS@ test1>show parameter undo
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    undo_management                      string      AUTO
    undo_retention                       integer     900
    undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1

    設(shè)置undo_retention參數(shù)，可以按照業(yè)務(wù)中事務(wù)最長(zhǎng)的查詢時(shí)間來(lái)設(shè)置：

    17:25:47 SYS@ test1>alter system set undo_retention=3600;     
    System altered.

    17:26:14 SYS@ test1>show parameter undo;
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    undo_management                      string      AUTO
    undo_retention                       integer     3600
    undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1

    創(chuàng)建Undo tablespace：

    23:49:48 SYS@ test1>create undo tablespace undotbs2
    23:49:55   2  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/undotbs02.dbf' size 100m
    23:50:01   3  autoextend on maxsize 2g
    23:50:06   4  extent management local;
    Tablespace created.

    23:50:37 SYS@ test1>show parameter undo

    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    undo_management                      string      AUTO
    undo_retention                       integer     900
    undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1

    切換undo tablespace：
    23:50:43 SYS@ test1>alter system set undo_tablespace='undotbs2';
    System altered.

    23:50:57 SYS@ test1>show parameter undo
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    undo_management                      string      AUTO
    undo_retention                       integer     900
    undo_tablespace                      string      undotbs2

    查看表空間信息    ：
    17:28:03 SYS@ test1> select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 "Total_Size(M)" from dba_data_files
    TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          Total_Size(M)
    ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------
    SYSTEM                                  1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/system01.dbf                   325
    SYSAUX                                  2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/sysaux01.dbf                   325
    UNDOTBS1                                3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/undotbs01.dbf                  200

    UNDOTBS2                                3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/undotbs02.dbf                  100
    USERS                                   4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/users01.dbf                    100

    創(chuàng)建永久表空間：
    17:30:14 SYS@ test1>create tablespace test1   
    17:30:26   2  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/test01.dbf' size 10m
    17:30:46   3  autoextend on maxsize 2g
    17:30:57   4  extent management local uniform size 128k;
    Tablespace created.

    17:31:23 SYS@ test1>select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 "Total_Size(M)" from dba_data_files
    17:31:34   2     where tablespace_name='TEST1';
    TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          Total_Size(M)
    ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------
    TEST1                                   5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/test01.dbf                      10
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

    17:33:55 SYS@ test1>create tablespace indx
    17:34:04   2  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/indx01.dbf' size 10m
    17:34:22   3  autoextend on maxsize 2g
    17:34:37   4  extent management local autoallocate 
    17:35:14   5  segment space management manual;
    Tablespace created.

    17:36:15 SYS@ test1>select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 "Total_Size(M)" from dba_data_files
    17:36:31   2  where tablespace_name='INDX';
    TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          Total_Size(M)
    ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------
    INDX                                    6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/indx01.dbf                      10
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

    創(chuàng)建臨時(shí)表空間及表空間組：
    17:37:27 SYS@ test1>select TABLESPACE_NAME ,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_temp_files;
    TABLESPACE_NAME                FILE_NAME                                          BYTES/1024/1024
    ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ---------------
    TEMPTS1                        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/temp01.dbf                        20

    17:38:05 SYS@ test1>create temporary tablespace temp01 
    17:38:23   2  tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/temp_01.dbf' size 10m
    17:39:01   3  autoextend off tablespace group tmpgp1;
    Tablespace created.

    17:40:14 SYS@ test1>create temporary tablespace temp02
    17:40:20   2  tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/temp_02.dbf' size 10m
    17:40:36   3  autoextend off;
    Tablespace created.

    17:41:08 SYS@ test1>alter tablespace temp02 tablespace group tmpgp1;
    Tablespace altered.

    17:41:25 SYS@ test1>alter tablespace tempts1 tablespace group tmpgp1;
    Tablespace altered.


    17:44:53 SYS@ test1>select * from dba_tablespace_groups;
    GROUP_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
    ------------------------------ ------------------------------
    TMPGP1                         TEMPTS1
    TMPGP1                         TEMP01
    TMPGP1                         TEMP02

    將臨時(shí)表空間組設(shè)為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)默認(rèn)臨時(shí)表空間：
    17:45:02 SYS@ test1>alter database default temporary tablespace tmpgp1;
    Database altered.

    創(chuàng)建用戶測(cè)試：
    17:46:59 SYS@ test1>create user tom
    17:47:03   2  identified by tom
    17:47:08   3  default tablespace test1       
    17:47:39   4  quota unlimited on test1
    17:48:03   5  temporary tablespace tmpgp1;
    User created.

    17:48:32 SYS@ test1>grant connect,resource to tom；
    Grant succeeded.

    17:48:42 SYS@ test1>conn tom/tom
    Connected.
    17:48:46 TOM@ test1>


    二）控制文件、redo log file多元化

    1）控制文件多元化
    23:16:35 SYS@ test1>show parameter control
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7
    control_files                        string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/control01.ctl


    23:16:56 SYS@ test1>col name for a50
    23:17:03 SYS@ test1> select name from v$controlfile
    NAME
    --------------------------------------------------
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/control01.ctl

    創(chuàng)建控制文件存儲(chǔ)目錄：（建議將控制文件存儲(chǔ)到不同的存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)上）
    [root@rh74 dsk1]# mkdir -p /dsk1/test1/oradata
    [root@rh74 dsk1]# chown -R oracle:dba /dsk1
    [root@rh74 dsk1]# ls -ld /dsk1/test1/oradata/
    drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle dba 4096 Apr 12 23:20 /dsk1/test1/oradata/

    生成spfile文件：

    23:17:03 SYS@ test1>show parameter spfile
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    spfile                               string
    23:21:36 SYS@ test1>create spfile from pfile;
    File created.

    重新啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，Instance優(yōu)先使用spfile：
    23:21:43 SYS@ test1>startup force;
    ORACLE instance started.
    Total System Global Area  313159680 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2227944 bytes
    Variable Size             218104088 bytes
    Database Buffers           88080384 bytes
    Redo Buffers                4747264 bytes
    Database mounted.
    Database opened.
    23:22:49 SYS@ test1>show parameter spfile
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfiletest1.ora


    23:23:17 SYS@ test1>alter system set control_files ='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/control01.ctl','/dsk1/test1/oradata/control02.ctl' scope=spfile;
    System altered.

    關(guān)庫(kù)后，拷貝控制文件的副本：
    23:24:00 SYS@ test1>shutdown immediate;
    Database closed.
    Database dismounted.
    ORACLE instance shut down.
    23:24:27 SYS@ test1>!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/control01.ctl /dsk1/test1/oradata/control02.ctl
    23:24:46 SYS@ test1>startup mount;
    ORACLE instance started.
    Total System Global Area  313159680 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2227944 bytes
    Variable Size             226492696 bytes
    Database Buffers           79691776 bytes
    Redo Buffers                4747264 bytes
    Database mounted.
    23:25:42 SYS@ test1>select name from v$controlfile;
    NAME
    --------------------------------------------------
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/control01.ctl
    /dsk1/test1/oradata/control02.ctl

    2）增加redo日志組成員（不同成員存儲(chǔ)到不同的介質(zhì)）：
    23:25:52 SYS@ test1>col member for a50
    23:26:32 SYS@ test1>select group#,member from v$logfile;
        GROUP# MEMBER
    ---------- --------------------------------------------------
             1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/redo01a.log
             2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/redo02a.log

    23:26:39 SYS@ test1>select status from v$instance;
    STATUS
    ------------
    MOUNTED

    添加日志組成員：

    23:30:40 SYS@ test1>alter database add logfile  member

                     '/dsk1/test1/oradata/redo01b.log'   to group 1,

                    '/dsk1/test1/oradata/redo02b.log' to group 2;

    23:30:40 SYS@ test1>select group#,member from v$logfile order by 1;

        GROUP# MEMBER
    ---------- --------------------------------------------------
             1 /dsk1/test1/oradata/redo01b.log
             1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/redo01a.log
             2 /dsk1/test1/oradata/redo02b.log
             2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test1/redo02a.log

    -----------  OCM考試，后續(xù)陸續(xù)推出。。。

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