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linux查看多路徑命令 linux 查看當前路徑大小

linux查看目錄下文件的命令

linux中查看文件和目錄的命令是:LS

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LS英文原意:list,命令所在路徑:/bin/ls,適用于所有用戶權限,主要功能就是以列表形式顯示目錄文件。

其語法: ls 選項【-ald】【文件或目錄】

其中,-a 顯示所有文件,包括隱藏文件;

-l 詳細信息顯示;

-d 僅顯示目錄名,而不顯示目錄下的內容列表;

-h 人性化顯示(hommization);

-i 查看任意一個文件的i節點(類似于身份證唯一信息);

-t 用文件和目錄的更改時間排序;可以用第一個顯示的文件判斷最近修改的文件;

注意:. 開頭的文件除非是目錄,否則就是隱藏文件

擴展資料:

創建目錄命令:mkdir,英文原意:make directories,命令所在路徑:/bin/mkdir,適用于所有用戶權限,功能在于創建新的目錄。

其語法: mkdir 【-p】【目錄名】

-p 遞歸創建

例子:a)創建單個目錄:mkdir /tmp/vae.txt

b)創建多個目錄:mkdir /tmp/a.txt /tmp/b.txt

使用時的注意事項:

1、創建的目錄已經存在, 那么 Linux 會提示我們 Linux 無法創建它。

2、不帶任何參數運行 mkdir 命令會在當前目錄下創建目錄。

3、不帶上-p,如果新建的文件上級目錄不存在則不會執行成功這種說法是錯誤的。加或者不加上 -p 前面的目錄沒有得都會依次創建。

4、創建目錄的首要條件是, 在想要創建目錄的目標路徑下你必須具有訪問權限。

如何使用Linux自帶多路徑DM

一、多路徑解釋

多路徑,顧名思義就是有多種選擇的路徑。在SAN或IPSAN環境,主機和存儲之間外加了光纖交換機,這就導致主機和存儲之間交換速度和效率增強,一條路徑肯定是不行的,也是不安全不穩定的。多路徑就是要來解決從主機到磁盤之間最快,最高效的問題。主要實現如下幾個功能

故障的切換和恢復

IO流量的負載均衡

磁盤的虛擬化

多路徑之前一直是存儲廠商負責解決,竟來被拆分出來單獨賣錢了。

構架基本是這樣的:存儲,多路徑軟件,光纖交換機,主機,主機系統。

二、LINUX下的multipath

1、查看是否自帶安裝?

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[root@web2 multipath]# rpm -qa|grep device

device-mapper-1.02.39-1.el5

device-mapper-1.02.39-1.el5

device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-34.el5

device-mapper-event-1.02.39-1.el5

[root@web2 multipath]#

2、安裝

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rpm -ivh device-mapper-1.02.39-1.el5.rpm #安裝映射包

rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-34.el5.rpm #安裝多路徑包

外加加入開機啟動

chkconfig –level 2345 multipathd on #設置成開機自啟動multipathd

lsmod |grep dm_multipath #來檢查安裝是否正常

3、配置

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# on the default devices.

blacklist {

devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"

devnode "^hd[a-z]"

}

devices {

device {

vendor "HP"

path_grouping_policy multibus

features "1 queue_if_no_path"

path_checker readsector()

failback immediate

}

}brbr完整的配置如下:

blacklist {

devnode "^sda"

}

defaults {

user_friendly_names no

}

multipaths {

multipath {

wwid 14945540000000000a67854c6270b4359c66c272e2f356321

alias iscsi-dm0

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

multipath {

wwid 14945540000000000dcca2eda91d70b81edbcfce2357f99ee

alias iscsi-dm1

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

multipath {

wwid 1494554000000000020f763489c165561101813333957ed96

alias iscsi-dm2

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

multipath {

wwid 14945540000000000919ca813020a195422ba3663e1f03cc3

alias iscsi-dm3

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

}

devices {

device {

vendor "iSCSI-Enterprise"

product "Virtual disk"

path_grouping_policy multibus

getuid_callout "/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s /block/%n"

path_checker readsector0

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

}

4、命令

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[root@web2 ~]# multipath -h

multipath-tools v0.4.7 (03/12, 2006)

Usage: multipath [-v level] [-d] [-h|-l|-ll|-f|-F|-r]

[-p failover|multibus|group_by_serial|group_by_prio]

[device]

-v level verbosity level

0 no output

1 print created devmap names only

2 default verbosity

3 print debug information

-h print this usage text

-b file bindings file location

-d dry run, do not create or update devmaps

-l show multipath topology (sysfs and DM info)

-ll show multipath topology (maximum info)

-f flush a multipath device map

-F flush all multipath device maps

-r force devmap reload

-p policy force all maps to specified policy :

failover 1 path per priority group

multibus all paths in 1 priority group

group_by_serial 1 priority group per serial

group_by_prio 1 priority group per priority lvl

group_by_node_name 1 priority group per target node

device limit scope to the device's multipath

(udev-style $DEVNAME reference, eg /dev/sdb

or major:minor or a device map name)

[root@web2 ~]#

5、啟動關閉

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# /etc/init.d/multipathd start #開啟mulitipath服務

service multipath start

service multipath restart

service multipath shutdown

6、如何獲取wwid

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1、

[root@vxfs01 ~]# cat /var/lib/multipath/bindings

# Multipath bindings, Version : 1.0

# NOTE: this file is automatically maintained by the multipath program.

# You should not need to edit this file in normal circumstances.

#

# Format:

# alias wwid

#

mpath0 36006016051d50e0035744871c912de11

mpath1 36006016051d50e0034744871c912de11

mpath2 36006016051d50e0032744871c912de11

mpath3 36006016051d50e0039744871c912de11

mpath4 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11

2、

[root@vxfs01 ~]# multipath -v3 |grep 3600

sdb: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

sdc: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

sdd: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

sde: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 1:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 0 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 1:0:1:0 sdc 8:32 1 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 2:0:0:0 sdd 8:48 1 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 2:0:1:0 sde 8:64 0 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

Found matching wwid [36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11] in bindings file.

比較詳細的文字:

RHEL官網資料:

Linux系統怎么配置多路徑

Linux多路徑指的是除了主機和硬盤一條路徑的連接,還包括了主機和網絡服務器的連接形成的主機一對多的路徑連接關系。通過多路徑的連接,實現了磁盤的虛擬化。

1、安裝多路徑軟件包:

device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5

device-mapper-event-1.02.67.2.el5

device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5

[root@RKDB01 Server]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing.。。 ########################################### [100%]

package device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64 is already installed

[root@RKDB01 Server]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-event-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: device-mapper-event-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing.。。 ########################################### [100%]

package device-mapper-event-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64 is already installed

[root@RKDB01 Server]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing.。。 ########################################### [100%]

package device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5.x86_64 is already installed

2、設置開機啟動,并檢查安裝包是否正常:

chkconfig --level 345 multipathd on

lsmod |grep dm_multipath

[root@RKDB01 Server]# chkconfig --level 345 multipathd on

[root@RKDB01 Server]# lsmod |grep dm_multipath

dm_multipath 58969 0

scsi_dh 42561 1 dm_multipath

dm_mod 102417 4 dm_mirror,dm_multipath,dm_raid45,dm_log

[root@RKDB01 Server]#

3、配置multipathd 使其正常工作,編輯/etc/multipath.conf,開放如下內容:

defaults {

udev_dir /dev

polling_interval 10

selector “round-robin 0”

path_grouping_policy multibus

getuid_callout “/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s /block/%n”

prio_callout none

path_checker readsector0

rr_min_io 100

max_fds 8192

rr_weight priorities

failback immediate

no_path_retry fail

user_friendly_names yes

}

blacklist {

wwid 26353900f02796769

devnode “^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*”

devnode “^hd[a-z]”

}

4、并關閉如下內容

#blacklist {

# devnode “*”

#}

#defaults {

27 # user_friendly_names yes

28 #}

5、完成之后執行如下命令發現多路徑:

[root@RKDB01 Server]# modprobe dm-multipath

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -F

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath dm-multipath

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath dm-round-robin

[root@RKDB01 Server]# service multipathd restart

正在關閉multipathd 端口監控程序: [確定]

正在啟動守護進程multipathd: [確定]

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -v2

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -v2

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -ll

mpath1 (3600d02310000011b16a5d57c6a1bd99a) dm-0 TOYOU,NetStor_iSUM510

[size=3.3T][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]

\_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][ena bled]

\_ 1:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 [failed][ready]

\_ 1:0:1:0 sdc 8:32 [failed][ready]

[root@RKDB01 Server]#

6、重啟服務器后,可以看到多路徑信息了:

[root@RKDB01 ~]# ll /dev/mapper/

總計 0

crw------- 1 root root 10, 60 11-05 22:35 control

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 11-05 22:35 mpath1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 11-05 22:35 mpath2

[root@RKDB01 ~]# multipath -ll

mpath2 (3600d02310000011b76128b9c63138cf4) dm-1 TOYOU,NetStor_iSUM510

[size=3.2T][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]

\_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][active]

\_ 1:0:0:1 sdc 8:32 [active][ready]

\_ 1:0:1:1 sde 8:64 [active][ready]

mpath1 (3600d02310000011b16a5d57c6a1bd99a) dm-0 TOYOU,NetStor_iSUM510

[size=20G][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]

\_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][active]

\_ 1:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 [active][ready]

\_ 1:0:1:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ready]

7、通過fdisk 看可以生成了DM-0/DM-1兩個盤,正是上面sdc/sde,sdb/sdd多路徑后出來的:

[root@RKDB01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 299.4 GB, 299439751168 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36404 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 38 305203+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 39 13092 104856255 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 13093 19619 52428127+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda4 19620 36404 134825512+ 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 19620 26146 52428096 83 Linux

/dev/sda6 26147 28757 20972826 83 Linux

/dev/sda7 28758 30324 12586896 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda8 30325 36404 48837568+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn‘t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdc: 3568.4 GB, 3568429957120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 433836 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn’t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdd: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdd doesn‘t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sde: 3568.4 GB, 3568429957120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 433836 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sde doesn’t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-0: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn‘t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-1: 3568.4 GB, 3568429957120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 433836 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn’t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdf: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 487 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdf4 * 1 488 3915744+ b W95 FAT32

Partition 4 has different physical/logical endings:

phys=(486, 254, 63) logical=(487, 125, 22)

[root@RKDB01 ~]#

8、同時也可以在/dev/mapper目錄中查看到多路徑映射的信息:

[root@RKDB01 ~]# ll /dev/mapper/

總計 0

crw------- 1 root root 10, 60 11-06 00:49 control

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 2 11-06 00:49 data-data001

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 11-06 00:49 mpath1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 11-06 00:49 mpath2

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